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The indicator shows total greenhouse gas emissions (including from international flights), in tonnes of CO2 equivalents. This dataset includes data on greenhouse gas emissions inventory, as reported to the European Environment Agency (EEA). It covers total national emissions (including from international flights) of the so-called "Kyoto basket" of green house gases, i.e. carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), from all sectors in the GHG emissions inventory (including international flights, excluding land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF)).

Source: Nordic Statistics database

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The indicator shows greenhouse gas emissions caused by consumption, in tonnes of CO2 equivalents. It includes consumption by households, the public sector, investment and stocks according to national and the environmental accounting framework. It includes emissions from both domestically-produced and imported goods and services.

Source: Statistics Sweden

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The indicator shows how many square kilometers in the Arctic that are covered by ice, in million square kilometers.

Source: National Snow & Ice Data Centre – NSIDC (NASA)

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The indicator shows the share of energy from renewable sources in gross final energy consumption (i.e. excluding conversion losses in connection with the production of electricity and district heating), in percent. Renewable energy includes hydropower, geothermal energy, wind energy, and fuels from biomass. Also renewable municipal waste is included.

Source: Nordic Statistics database

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The indicator shows the relationship between energy supply and gross domestic product (GDP), in kilograms of oil equivalent (KGOE) per thousand euro. A lower ratio indicates that less energy is used to produce one unit of GDP. Economic production is expressed in volume changes (fixed prices) in so-called chain linked volumes (2010).

Source: Eurostat

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The indicator is calculated as the ratio between energy-related GHG emissions and gross inland consumption of energy. It expresses how many tonnes CO2 equivalents of energy-related GHGs are being emitted in a certain economy per unit of energy that is being consumed. The data on energy emissions are being sourced from the GHG emissions reported to the UNFCCC. The indicator shows the development of this ratio compared with its level in the year 2000.

Source: Eurostat

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Material footprint refers to the total amount of raw materials extracted to meet final consumption demands. Material footprint per capita thus describes the average use of materials for final consumption demands of a country, in tonnes per capita. It can be interpreted as an indicator of the material standard of living of an economy. The total material footprint is the sum of the footprints for biomass, fossil fuels, metal ores and non-metal ores.

Source: OECD

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The indicator shows the proportion of recycled municipal waste of the total amount of generated municipal waste, in percent. Recycling includes material recycling, composting and anaerobic handling.

Source: Nordic Statistics database

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The indicator shows the number of registered licenses at the Nordic Swan Ecolabel on December 31st each year.

Source: Nordic Swan Ecolabel

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The indicator shows the proportion of protected land areas (in relation to the country's total area), in percent. For this indicator, two Nordic aggregates have been calculated: Nordic Region (Natura2000) and Nordic Region (five countries). The first includes the proportion of land in Denmark, Finland and Sweden designated under Natura2000. The second also includes National parks, Nature reserves and Landscape protected areas in Norway and National parks, Nature reserves and Habitat protection areas in Iceland.

Source: Eurostat, Statistics Iceland and Statistics Norway

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The indicator shows the proportion of the total utilised agricultural area used for organic farming, in percent. Organic farming can be defined as a production method that places the highest emphasis on environmental protection. It avoids or greatly reduces the use of synthetic chemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides, additives and medicines. The production of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their use in animal feed is prohibited.

Source: Nordic Statistics database

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The indicator shows the abundance and diversity of a selection of common farmland bird species, selected by each national BirdLife organisation. It is presented as Index 2000 = 100.

Source: Nordic Statistics database

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The indicator shows the proportion of protected marine area (in relation to the country's total area), in percent. For Denmark, Finland and Sweden Natura2000 protected marine areas are included (these three countries constitutes the Nordic aggregate). For Norway Protected marine area is used.

Source: Eurostat and Statistics Norway

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The indicator shows the annual total input of nitrogen and phosphorus to the Baltic Sea, in tonnes per year. It is based on measurements in seven areas, from the Bothnian Bay in the north to the Kattegat (between Denmark and Sweden) in the south. The total input, air- and waterborne, is measured.

Source: HELCOM

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This indicator describes the stocks of cod, Baltic herring and blue whiting in the Arctic and Barents Seas, in thousands of tonnes. The stock is measured as total stock biomass, i.e. the total weight of a stock. The main factors that increase or decrease biomass in a fish population are growth, reproduction and mortality, but it is also affected by factors such as life-span of different species, environmental changes (in particular temperature), the prevalence of predators or the availability of food. For a fished population the most significant factor affecting the overall population biomass is almost always the level of fishing mortality, i.e. how many fish that are caught (or otherwise killed by fishing activities), especially of the adult part of the population.

Source: Statistics Norway

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The indicator shows the proportion in the age group 30-34 years that have attained tertiary education, in percent. Tertiary education is defined as ISCED (International Standard Classification of Education) 2011 level 5-8 for data from 2014 and ISCED 1997 level 5-6 for previous years.

Source: Eurostat

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The indicator shows the proportion in the age group 18-24 years that have left education early, in percent. It includes the percentage of the population aged 18 to 24 having attained at most lower secondary education and not being involved in further education or training. The numerator of the indicator refers to persons aged 18 to 24 who meet the following two conditions: (a) the highest level of education or training they have completed is ISCED (International Standard Classification of Education) 2011 level 0, 1 or 2, (b) is not active in any education or training by 31/12. The denominator in the total population consists of the same age group.

Source: Nordic Statistics database

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The indicator shows the proportion in the age group 25-64 years that have participated in education and training during the last four weeks, in percent. Participation in education and training is a measure of lifelong learning. The participation rate in education and training covers participation in formal and non-formal education and training. Lifelong learning encompasses all learning activities undertaken throughout life with the aim of improving knowledge, skills and competences, within personal, civic, social or employment-related perspectives. The intention or aim to learn is the critical point that distinguishes these activities from non-learning activities, such as cultural or sporting activities.

Source: Eurostat

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The employment rate shows the proportion of employed in the population, in the age group 15-64 years, in percent.

Source: Nordic Statistics database

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The indicator shows the proportion of the total number of employees that are employed in circular economy sectors (the recycling sector, the repair and reuse sector and the rental and leasing sector), in percent.

Source: Eurostat

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The indicator shows gross domestic product (GDP) annual growth, in percent. GDP is expressed in fixed prices, which removes the effects of inflation. The series shows the volume change in GDP.

Source: Nordic Statistics database

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Total "in-house expenditure" on research and development as a share of the gross domestic product (GDP), in percent. "In-house” R&D expenditure are all current and fixed expenses for R&D during a certain period of time, regardless of the source of funding.

Source: Nordic Statistics database

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The number of patent applications to the European Patent Office (EPO), in areas classified by the OECD as "Selected environmental-related technologies".

Source: OECD

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The Digital Economic and Social Index (DESI) sheds light on the countries' overall digital performance and progress in terms of digital competitiveness. It is based on a weighting of 37 measures in five main areas (eg Fixed broadband coverage, Female ICT specialists, Doing an online course, e-Commerce turnover and e-Health services).

Source: EU DG CONNECT

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The proportion of public transport in total passenger transports (measured as passenger kilometers), in percent. Public transports refers to buses and trains. Total passenger transports includes passenger cars, buses and trains.

Source: Eurostat

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The indicator shows exposure to particulate matter measured as annual average concentration of particles less than 2.5µm in the air in urban areas, in micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m3). The indicator is population-weighted, so that urban areas are weighted in proportion to their population size.

Source: Nordic Statistics database

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There is currently no data for this indicator.

Source:

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The indicator shows immigration from other Nordic countries, in numbers per 10,000 inhabitants. The target population are individuals registered in the country as immigrants during the year. An immigrant is an individual who establishes his or her usual residence in the territory of a Nordic country for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months, having previously been usually resident in another Nordic country. Åland is included from 2012.

Source: Nordic Statistics database

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The indicator shows the share of goods imported from the other Nordic countries in relation to all imported goods, in percent.

Source: Nordic Statistics database

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The indicator measures the number of people who cross-border commute in the Region of Øregrund (i.e. between Denmark and Sweden). Please note that there is a break in the time series. Data for the period 1997-2015 comes from Ørestat and includes people who live in the Danish part of the Øresund region and have their main job (in November) in Sweden or vice versa. The statistics only concern employees, ie. self-employed and employed spouses are not included. For the period 2016 and onwards, data is retrieved from the Nordic statistics database. For more information on this, please see table COMM10 under Labour market/Communting.

Source: Nordic Statistics database and Ørestat

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The indicator shows life expectancy at birth. Life expectancy is defined as the average number of years that a person of a given age can expect to live, assuming that age-specific mortality levels remain constant (i.e. the rates observed for the period under review).

Source: Nordic Statistics database

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The proportion of the population aged 16 and older who rate their health as good or very good, in percent. The European Statistics of Income and Living Condition (EU-SILC) survey measures (among other things) three different concepts of health, where self-perceived health is one. The concept is operationalized by a question on how a person perceives his/her health in general using one of the answer categories very good/ good/ fair/ bad/ very bad. The target population consists of individuals aged 16 years old and over living in private households.

Source: Eurostat

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The number of deaths from specific diseases per 100,000 inhabitants aged 0-75 years. The age distribution is standardized to make the countries comparable. The diseases included are considered possible to treat or to prevent. Avoidable mortality covers both preventable and treatable causes of mortality. Preventable mortality refers to mortality that mainly can be avoided through effective public health and primary prevention interventions (i.e. before the onset of diseases/injuries, to reduce incidence). Treatable mortality can mainly be avoided through timely and effective health care interventions, including secondary prevention and treatment (after the onset of diseases to reduce case-fatality). The total avoidable mortality includes a number of infectious diseases, several types of cancers, endocrine and metabolic diseases, as well as some diseases of the nervous, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, genitourinary systems, some diseases related to pregnancy, childbirth and the perinatal period, a number of congenital malformations, adverse effects of medical and surgical care, a list of injuries and alcohol and drug related disorders.

Source: Eurostat

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The indicator is a measure called the standardized index or the Karmel and MacLachlan index (IP). It can be interpreted as the proportion of the employed population (percent) that would need to change occupations in order to achieve an equal distribution of men and women between occupations.

Source: Eurostat (calculations by Statisticon)

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The indicator shows fathers' share of parental leave, calculated as the as the share of benefit days taken by men, in percent. In all Nordic countries, compensation is granted to cover any loss of income in connection with childbirth during the last few weeks prior to and at least the first months after childbirth. In all the countries, a similar benefit is payable in the event of adoption. Percent of benefit days taken by men excludes special maternity allowance and maternity allowance days before childbirth.

Source: Nordic Statistics database

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This indicator shows the proportion of women among those elected to national parliaments, in percent. The national parliament is the national legislative assembly and the indicator refers to both chambers (lower house and an upper house, where relevant). The count of members of a parliament includes the president/speaker/leader of the parliament.

Source: Eurostat

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The Gini coefficient is an economic unit of measurement of inequality, e.g. income or wealth distribution. The coefficient has a value between zero (0) and one (1). The lower the Gini coefficient, the more evenly distributed wages, profits, subsidies, and other benefits within a country. 0 means that all individuals have exactly the same amount of income (ie total equality) while 1 means total inequality.

Source: Nordic Statistics database

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The indicator shows the proportion of the population at risk of poverty or social exclusion, in percent. It is a summary measure based on the following criteria: (1) number of persons below the poverty line (60 percent of national disposable median income after social transfers), (2) number of persons in severe material poverty and (3) number of households with very low labor intensity. All three are measured in The European Statistics of Income and Living Condition (EU-SILC) survey. The EU-SILC target population in each country consists of all persons living in private households.

Source: Eurostat

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This indicator shows the difference between the proportion of people aged 25-64 who are unemployed or inactive among those born outside the EU compared to the same proportion amongst those born in the country. The difference is expressed in percentage points.

Source: Eurostat

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This indicator indicates on a ten-point scale how much trust you have in other people in general. The scale goes from 0 which means no trust to 10 which means that most people are reliable. The value of the indicator is the average of the answers of the different respondents. Data comes from the European Social Survey (ESS). It is a is a biennial cross-national survey of attitudes and behaviour established in 2001. The ESS uses cross-sectional, probability samples which are representative of all persons aged 15 and over resident within private households in each country. Social trust is one of mant topics covered.

Source: European Social Survey (ESS)

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Proportion of the eligible population who cast a vote (correct, blank and incorrect votes) in each election since 1990, in percent.

Source: The International Institute for Democracy and Electoral assistance (IDEA)

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The indicator shows the proportion of the population who reported experiencing problems with crime, violence or vandalism in their local area, in percent. This describes the situation where the respondent feels crime, violence or vandalism in the area to be a problem for the household, although this perception is not necessarily based on personal experience. Data comes from The European Statistics of Income and Living Condition (EU-SILC) survey. The EU-SILC target population in each country consists of all persons living in private households.

Source: Eurostat

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The indicator shows the share of imports of culture-related goods coming from other Nordic countries, in percent. International trade in cultural goods is considered one of the economic dimensions of culture. In this case, goods refer to all movable property, in other words products that have a physical dimension. External licenses and copyrights are not included. Cultural goods refers to the specific set of goods in the Combined Nomenclature (CN) classification identified according to criteria established in the ESSnet Cultural Framework for Cultural Statistics.

Source: Eurostat

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The indicator shows the proportion of the state (including regions and municipalities) budget that is allocated to culture, in percent. It is calculated based on government expenditure by Classification Of The Functions Of Government (COFOG) function and broken down by types of expenditure on the basis of the European System of Accounts 2010 (ESA210) transactions.

Source: Nordic Statistics database

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The indicator shows household expenditure on recreational and cultural services according to the annual national accounts. It is an index expressed as the development, in fixed prices, compared with 2015. Household consumption expenditure is classified by consumption purpose according to the COICOP classification (Classification Of Individual COnsumption by Purpose). Individual and household expenditure on cultural goods and services is regarded as an approximation for participation in culture.

Source: Eurostat